Alcoholism Is a Chronic and Progressive Disorder Essay

Alcoholism is a disease that not only affects the user’s behavior, but strains financial standing and social interaction (â€Å"Alcohol Problems vs. Alcohol Dependency†). Jeanette’s father in The Glass Castle, an undiagnosed alcoholic, would be the poster child for alcoholism in America with his many blatantly obvious symptoms. His relationships with the people around him, his finances, and his control over his actions and emotions deteriorate as the memoir develops. With this, Walls paints a very accurate account of alcoholism and its effect in America. Alcoholism is a chronic and progressive disorder (â€Å"Alcoholism†) affecting more than twenty-two million Americans in the United States today (Wholey 18). Alcoholics are prone to dramatic and†¦show more content†¦Alcoholism, while possibly set off by mental illness, as aforementioned, may also be initially set off by a traumatic experience (or a mental debility resulting from one). A fine examp le of such is when Jeannette’s mother describes the sudden and devastating crib death of her would-be second child, Mary Charlene and how, â€Å"[Rex] was never the same after Mary Charlene died. He started having dark moods, staying out late and coming home drunk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Walls 28). The unexpected and shocking passing of the daughter with his image, black hair and brown eyes, as well as the fact that he is the one to discover the body is likely the root of Rex’s alcoholism, as this is the oldest example of any incident that would lead to his heavy drinking described in the book. From the initial coming home drunk, other limits and problems attached to alcoholism most likely appeared soon after and progressed to the extremes seen toward Rex’s demise. Of the many complications that are associated with alcoholism, one of the most clear-cut and easily-trackable issues is how heavy drinking affects finances. Economic consequences of heavy drinking can snowbal l fast and become extreme, particularly for families and individuals below the poverty line, where consumption of alcohol irresponsibly is quite common (â€Å"Alcohol† What SocialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Alcoholism1274 Words   |  6 Pages What is Alcoholism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The definition of alcoholism can be described as a chronic illness, which is marked by uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family or occupational responsibilities. This dependence on alcohol has only been diagnosed as a medical disorder recently in the medical field. Like many other diseases, it has a predictable course and is influenced environmentally and sometimes geneticallyRead More Alcoholism Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesAlcoholism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcoholism refers the drinking of alcohol to such a degree that major aspects of ones life are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. These aspects include work, school, family relationships, personal safety and health. Alcoholism is considered a disease. It has known physical, psychological and social symptoms. An alcoholic continues to drink even despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious and progressive. It can be fatal if not treated. AlcoholismRead MoreAlcoholism And The Human Body1653 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism and the Human Body. Anita Samu Absher Southern New Hampshire University Abstract Alcoholism and the Human Body. â€Å"Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor. 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Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country s homicides, suicides, and traffic accident (Understanding Alcohol Abuse -- the basics).† Alcoholism is caused by genetic, physical, psychologicalRead More The Etiology of Addicti on Disease Model Essay examples1522 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch, many questions remain regarding addiction (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 20). Historically in the later part of the 18th century, the teachings and writings of Benjamin Rush actually precipitated the birth of the American disease concept of alcoholism as an addiction (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 10). Benjamin Rush; a physician, originally from Philadelphia began to write about inebriety (UnKnown, 2011). He referred to this condition as a disease of the will, resulting in loss of control, and thatRead MoreA Selected Leading Cause Of Death And State Why This Was Chosen1310 Words   |  6 Pagesprocesses food and stores energy. 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What will be explained in this essay is basically the history of alcohol, signs of one possibly being an alcoholic, possibilitiesRead More alcohol Essay examples805 Words   |  4 Pages Alcoholism, chronic and usually progressive illness involving the excessive inappropriate ingestion of ethyl alcohol, whether in the form of familiar alcoholic beverages or as a constituent of other substances. Alcoholism is thought to arise from a combination of a wide range of physiological, psychological, social, and genetic factors. It is characterized by an emotional and often physical dependence on alcohol, and it frequently leads to brain damage or early d eath. Some 10 percent of the adultRead MoreAnalysis Of When A Man Loves A Woman 1196 Words   |  5 PagesWhen a Man Loves a Woman, Meg Ryan plays the character Alice Green. Alice is a wife, mother, and school counselor. She is married to the handsome and consistently dependable airline pilot, Michael, played by Andy Garcia. 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Essay on The Wife of Bath Illustrating Courtly Love

In the Middle Ages, when The Canterbury Tales was written, society became captivated by love and the thought of courtly and debonair love was the governing part of all relationships and commanded how love should be conducted. These principles changed literature completely and created a new genre dedicated to brave, valorous knights embarking on noble quests with the intention of some reward, whether that be their life, lover, or any other want. The Canterbury Tales, written in the 14th century by Geoffrey Chaucer, accurately portrays and depicts this type of genre. Containing a collection of stories within the main novel, only one of those stories, entitled â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale†, truly outlines the 14th century community beliefs on†¦show more content†¦Opposers to that belief state that love has always been in literature throughout all eras and a distinction between typical love and courtly love is ridiculous. However, while this may be true, if one wa s to read a tale with courtly love they would be able to instantly recognize the uncommon behaviors of the characters that are in love and that the experience of feeling love is taken to the extreme, beyond other literature’s definitions of common love. Geoffrey Chaucer, being a writer during the age when courtly love was popular, was influenced by this type of literature and used the techniques of courtly love in many of the conversations and plot lines within the Canterbury Tales. In this tale, the reader is introduced to a belligerent knight in King Arthur’s court who defiles a woman of royalty. This reprehensible act by the knight entirely differs from the actions of a virtuous and respectable knight, consequently suggesting that ethics are not inherited like affluence or one’s last name. Instead of being punished by death, the knight is sent out by the queen on a quest to find what women really want and love, with the agreement that he has one year and a day to return and only the right answer will spare his life. This is where the expression and meaning of love begins to show divides between separate communities. Along the knight’s quest for the answer he comesShow MoreRelatedThe Variety of Ways in Which Chaucer Treats the Subject of Love1450 Words   |  6 PagesWrite an essay on the variety of ways in which Chaucer treats the subject of love. Within ten stories in the Canterbury Tales, men and women on the way to, or in marriage provide the ostensible subject, with six tales expounding largely on love and its counterpart in marriage. In comic tales, sexual activity is constantly relished, especially in the Miller’s Tale and the Reeve’s Tale, where love is defined and motivated by animalistic physical desire and relationships clouded with lies

Karoon Gas Australia Limited

Question: Discuss about theKaroon Gas Australia Limited. Answer: Introduction The mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation and correlation coefficient for the two sub periods for Karoon Gas Australia Ltd. and the market is presented below: Karoon Gas Australia Ltd. Market Sep 2013 to Jan 2015 Feb 2015 to June 2016 Sep 2013 to Jan 2015 Feb 2015 to June 2016 Mean -21.02% -15.17% -18.19% -12.15% Standard variation 0.149 0.124 0.045 0.045 Variance 0.022 0.015 0.002 0.002 Coefficient of variation -0.712 -0.823 -0.25 -0.37 Coefficient -correlation 0.468 0.522 Beta 1.538 1.448 (Yahoo. Finance, 2016) Karoon Gas has a higher mean return in both the periods as compared to the market. The returns have decreased in the sub period February 2015 to June 2016. This is due to a fall in the price of the shares in 2015 and 2016, thus decreasing the returns on the company shares and the market. The company is generating higher returns as compared to the market. Karoon Gas has a higher standard deviation in both the periods as compared to the market. This means it is more risky. However, the standard deviation and the variance have decreased in the later sub period as the returns have also decreased. Coefficient of variation represents the volatility of the returns i.e. the risk assumed for an expected level of return. It is the ratio of standard deviation to the mean. Lower the ratio, the better it is. However, since the value is negative, it is difficult to comment on the same. Coefficient correlation is the relationship between two variables. In this case, it measures the relationship between the returns of Karoon Gas and the market returns. Since the coefficient correlation is positive in both the periods it means that the prices of shares of Karoon Gas move in tandem with the market index. If the market index increases, the share price of the company also increases. The correlation is stronger in the period from Feb 2015 to June 2016. This means the change in return of the share is higher with a change in market return in the second sub period. Beta is the volatility of the returns of a stock in relation to the returns of the market. Higher the beta, higher is the volatility of the stock and vice versa. The beta of market is assumed to be 1 and the beta of the company stocks is then compared with the market beta to determine the volatility of the stock. The beta for the shares of Karoon Gas is 1.53 in the first sub period which means the shares of Karoon Gas are 53% more volatile than the market index. The beta for the second sub period is 1.44 which means the company stocks are 44% more volatile than the market index. Since the beta for both the sub-periods is more than 1, it means the movement of the company stocks is more than the market index movement. However, the stocks are more volatile in the first period as the beta is higher. This means that the returns provided by the company shares in the first sub period will be higher than the market returns. The estimated value of beta is different for the two sub periods as there is difference in the returns of the stock and market and also a difference in the standard deviation of stock and market in the two sub periods. The standard deviation of the stock is higher in the first sub period due to which the stock becomes more risky and volatile. As the risk of a stock increases, the beta also increases as the beta is a measure of risk itself. However, the standard deviation of the market is the same in both the periods. Also the coefficient correlation is lower in the first sub period. This means that the movement of the company stocks in relation to the market is lower as compared to the first period. This increases the volatility between the stock and the market. Hence both higher standard deviation and lower coefficient correlation together increases the volatility of the stock in relation to the market and hence the beta is higher. Whereas for the second sub period, the standard dev iation for the stock is lower while the standard deviation of the market remains the same, and the coefficient correlation is also higher which renders positive movement between the stock and the market, thus reducing the stock volatility. Thus, lower standard deviation coupled with higher coefficient correlation reduces volatility of the stock in relation to the market and thus a lower beta value is obtained. (Damodaran, NA) References Damodaran, A., (NA), Estimating Risk Parameters, accessed online on 20th September, 2016, available at https://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/papers/beta.pdf Yahoo. Finance, (2016), Karoon Gas Australia Ltd. (KAR.AX), accessed online on 20th September, 2016, available at https://au.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=KAR.AX Yahoo. Finance, (2016), All Ordinaries (^AORD), accessed online on 20th September, 2016, available at https://au.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?a=b=c=d=8e=22f=2016g=ds=%5EAORD%2C+ql=1

What Makes Art Therapy Essay Sample free essay sample

Although ocular look has been used for mending throughout history. art therapy did non emerge as a distinguishable profession until the 1940s. Given its short history. â€Å"art therapy† exists as a term that describes a aggregation of diverse patterns held together by a belief in the mending value of art devising. ( American Art Therapy Association [ AATA ] . 2010 ) Though art doing itself is inheritably curative. it is the creative activity of an art object and the debut of a â€Å"third object† into the antecedently two- manner duologue between client- healer that defines and distinguishes the subject. Art as Therapy versus Art Psychotherapy Presently there is no cosmopolitan definition to Art Therapy. With the changeless interplay of assorted determining forces. art therapy has changed significantly since its early beginnings ( Jones. 2005 ; Malchiodi. 2007 ; Waller. 1991 ) . Given the challenge to specify the subject. there is a demand to non merely merely acknowledge. but besides form. the assorted definitions of art therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes Art Therapy Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Malchiodi ( 2007 ) attempted to picture the tenseness among assorted schools of thought by neatly spliting them into two cantonments – â€Å"Art as Therapy† and â€Å"Art Psychotherapy† . Referred to every bit â€Å"Art as Therapy† . this impression of art therapy focuses on the â€Å"inherent mending power† of the originative procedure of art devising. The procedure of art devising remains cardinal and is seen as an experience that can take to emotional reparation and personal transmutation. ( Malchiodi. 2007 ) A strong focal point on the procedure of art devising could be seen in AATA ( 2010 ) ’s official definition of Art Therapy: ( Art Therapy ) is based on the belief that the originative procedure involved in artistic self-expression helps people to decide struggles and jobs. develop interpersonal accomplishments. manage behaviour. cut down emphasis. increase self-esteem and self-awareness. and achieve penetration. — AATA Website On the other manus. â€Å"Art Psychotherapy† differs to â€Å"Art as Therapy† in that it sees art as a mean for symbolic communicating. By foregrounding the art image or graphics. a triangular relationship is formed between the healer. the client and the art. Artistic looks such as drawings and pictures was said to play a important function in â€Å"achieving penetration ; deciding struggles ; work outing jobs ; and would take to positive alterations. growing. and healing† . ( Malchiodi. 2007. p. 5 ) The alone part of a client- therapist- image three would be demonstrated in assorted parts of this essay. Theoretical Orientations- An Eclectic Approach In pattern. art therapists build on assorted theoretical orientations for mending intent. Sometimes regarded as an interdisciplinary signifier of psychotherapeutics. art therapy is basically a synthesis of art and therapy ( Malchiodi. 2007 ; Rubin. 1999. 2010 ; Vick. 2003 ) . With the changeless interplay of assorted determining forces. the range of cognition art healers possess is rooted in a assortment of beginnings including ; developmental. psychological. educational. cognitive and transpersonal positions. ( AATA. 2010 ) As the very nature of art assumes a dynamic unconscious ( Rubin. 2004 ) ; many believe that psychoanalytic theory still dominates art therapy. However. both the AATA and the British Association of Art Therapy [ BAAT ] described art healer to be of a assortment of orientations. The claim is backed up by research conducted in 2000. where 21 % of art healers described their theoretical orientation as â€Å"eclectic† and a diverseness of theoretical attacks in dicated gestalt. behavioural. cognitive. psychoanalytic and Jungian were being cited at similar degrees. ( Elkins A ; Stovall. 2000 ) Post-modern approaches- Art therapy melding with systemic therapy Turning up parallel to group therapy and household therapy. art therapists readily encompass the systemic position and a postmodernist manner of thought. Family art therapy was recognized in 1989 by AATA ; since so the convergence of art therapy and household therapy has been smooth and has achieved much success. ( Arrington. 2001 ; Riley. 2001 ) Family art healers blend a committedness to the usage of art with a committedness to believe systemically. The usage of art as â€Å"container for emotions† . for case. canastas seamlessly with one of household therapy’s nucleus construct â€Å"meta-communication† . In meta communicating. households were invited to step out of the job and to â€Å"gaze† at it from an external stance. by affecting an art merchandise the job is automatically externalized and made touchable. leting the household to work as a squad to suppress â€Å"it† . Furthermore. art devising is so a ready to hand tool in household mediation scenes as messages excessively delicate or powerful to be expressed in verbal signifier could so be expressed in ocular signifier. ( Rubin. 2004 ) Pulling from the above illustration. one could see that art therapy is a unstable mode that may be adapted to back up other theoretical attacks to therapy ; but such convergence does non go on in a insouciant mode but is frequently a considered integrating of a reciprocally supportive model. ( Riley. 2001 ) Treatment Goal– The Activation of a triangular relationship As mentioned above when specifying â€Å"Art as Therapy† . art devising in itself is inheritably curative. Whilst the freedom to utilize art stuffs could supply clients with a touchable sense of control ; art devising besides has the ability to bring forth self-esteem. encourage hazard taking and experimentation. learn new accomplishments and enrich one’s life. In a clinical scene where patients experience restricted in certain facets of life. art devising could heighten a patients’ ego regard by ; giving them an involvement. demoing them an ability within their physical capacity and assisting them develop their individualism and personality. ( Malchiodi. 2007 ) Nevertheless. the impression of â€Å"art as therapy† has its restrictions. Though valid. it does non explicate Art Therapy’s peculiarity to other signifiers of therapy such as Recreational therapy or Occupational therapy. The symbolic power of an art image Art therapy should widen beyond diversion and relaxation. In 1989. the BAAT‘s functionary definition for art therapy started by saying. â€Å"The focal point of art therapy is the image† and highlighted the procedure as affecting â€Å"the Godhead. the artifact and the healer. † ( Waller. 1991. p. 3 ) The innovators of art therapy Margaret Naumburg and Edith Kramer both see art as a typical platform from which the client and healer could prosecute in and derive penetrations from. Naumburg believed that art had symbolic qualities that came from the subconscious whilst Kramer saw art as a medium to decide the struggle between Idaho. self-importance and superego. ( Waller. 1991 ) The International Art Therapy Organization ( 2010 ) further explains the power of art as a transitional object by acknowledging its symbolic nature: â€Å"When words are non plenty. we turn to images and symbols to state our narratives. † In Sessionss. art therapists strive to acknowledge the gestural symbols and metaphors that might be hard to show in words or in other modes. Some even believe that for experiential jobs that have no rational solutions the symbolic map of the humanistic disciplines offers at least a partial manner of response and therefore alleviation. ( Blatner. 1992 ) In group scenes. for case ; Malchiodi ( 2007 ) believes the most of import advantage of utilizing art look is its ability to do that group’s procedure. interaction and dynamic seeable and touchable. This enabled ideas and possibilities to be anchored. In fact. group therapists believe that art therapies enhance inclusiveness for the sharing imagination normally feels closer than sharing in verbal signifier ; whilst the usage of symbols could easy remind clients of shared subjects and cut down sense of solitariness. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Yalom. 1985 ) Art therapy besides aims for a psychotherapeutic emotional release for clients. The symbolic nature of art therapy could entree ideas and feelings deep in one’s subconscious that otherwise would non be reached. Kramer respects art as the â€Å"container of emotions† whilst most healers agree that art is a manner of showing interior feelings. As it is more hard to decrypt the significance of symbols in a additive manner many instances clients find art a safe medium to show â€Å"dangerous† feelings. ( Malchodi. 2007 ; Waller. 1991 ) The ineluctable intervention endAlthough art therapy is non the lone signifier of therapy that incorporates an experiential component. the experiential nature of art itself makes the battle of a client’s engagement a intervention end that can non be overlooked. In art therapy. attending of the person is important. As the medium itself is a manner of communicating. engagement begins the minute a client starts researching different mediums. ( Rubin. 2010 ) During creative activity of the art it is the clients. alternatively of the healer. that give the art merchandise personal significance. Very few therapies depend to such a grade on the active engagement of the person. When an art merchandise is created. the permanency of it offers a alone country of engagement ; clients can continuously look at it. be intrigued by it. and finally be challenged to research their significances. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Degen A ; Lansen. 2006 ; Malchodi. 2007 ; Riley. 2001 ) Effective therapies require more than an rational analysis but instead an experience of how to practically use new apprehensions in life. Guaranting that the client is â€Å"present† is peculiarly of import when a katharsis return topographic point. as the client can necessitate a really direct experience in order to incorporate it. By remaining in the present minute. and by sing their struggles clients bit by bit expand their degree of self-awareness and therefore personal growing. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Yalom. 1985 ) Battle of the client with art is peculiarly helpful in group work. The hands-on experience could arouse a sense of â€Å"playfulness† in grownups. assisting them communicative and â€Å"let go† of fright. failure and rejection. The experimental nature of art devising could besides re-direct easy distrait clients into speech production in the â€Å"here-and-now† ; while the demand for active engagement in doing art can assist equalise engagement. All these factors are cardinal to prolonging a more cohesive and safe group environment for curative growing. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Liebmann. 2004 ; Malchodi. 2007 ) Client groups- from catholicity to specialty Art devising is about universally possible which entreaties to art therapy’s diverse patronage group. Art therapy can work with grownups with a scope of troubles including depression. habit-forming and self- destructive behaviours. larning troubles and psychotic unwellnesss ( Rubin. 2010 ) . Some art healers attempted to specify more specifically which patient population art therapy is intended for. There were efforts. for case. that looked at descriptions of psychological provinces to determine whether those with marginal personality and psychotic organisations are appropriate for art therapy ( Dudley. 2004 ) . However. as everyone has the ability to be originative through art it could move as a footing for a battalion of therapy signifiers. Immune clients Art therapy facilitates the curative procedure of working with immune clients. In therapy. antecedently suppressed subconscious feelings might happen fearfully or erratically. Denial and opposition in therapy. though apprehensible. might impede the curative procedure. Art therapy’s abstract nature could subtly and increasingly cut down this opposition. Whilst some persons tend to be defensive. when talking in abstract footings or by deflecting themselves. art can bit by bit increase the explicitness of the symbolic representation of emotionally- loaded thoughts. and to see the subconscious moral force more vividly. For case. the usage of art could get the better of turning away tactics that could be easy used by the client in verbal therapies such as ; interrupting oculus contact. narrating in the yesteryear or speech production in general footings. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Liebmann. 2004 ) Through detecting objectified stuff. art therapy allows a temporal flexibleness for continued geographic expedition. contemplation and comparing over a period of clip. where words can be easy forgotten and denied. By using an external object. an art healer could besides command the grade of meddlesomeness. which allows for greater flexibleness. By seting the nature of art activity a therapy could be both directing and non- directive. catering to the differing demands of clients. For case. Murphy ( 1998 ) conducted research and concluded that working in a non- directing manner with a sexually abused client is more appropriate as they needed to experience in control particularly as they could happen way intrusive. Interrupting through opposition in verbal therapies Art therapy is besides known for its suitableness for clients who feel restricted in the usage of verbal therapies. ( Blatner. 1992 ; Liebmann. 2004 ) In the field of psychopathology. a recent survey ( Degen A ; Lansen. 2006 ) has found that art therapy is a really promising signifier of intervention for alexithymia – the incapacity to spot and verbally express emotions. Having a therapy that centres on the contemplation of art differs from verbal therapy in that there is no inevitable beginning and terminal as in a verbal narrative. The term â€Å"spatial matrix† is used to depict the dynamic nature of art. As art look surpasses regulations of linguistic communication. such as sentence structure. grammar. logic and right spelling ; it can show many complexnesss at the same time. ( Malchiodi. 2007 ) Contradictory elements can be included ; love and detest for a household member. for case. could co- exist. Many persons who experience contrasting emotions in speedy sequence frequently struggle to joint what precisely it is that they are sing. The ability of art to incorporate self-contradictory elements helps people integrate and synthesise at odds feelings and experiences. ( Malchodi. 2007 ; Sullivan. 2003 ) Interpretation and appraisal in art therapy The definition and range of art therapy have been influenced by mental wellness and medical scenes in which art look has been used as a signifier of intercession. The AATA ( 2010 ) defined art therapy as â€Å"mental wellness profession† where healers use their rating accomplishments to plan Sessionss for clients in accomplishment of curative ends and aims. The medical theoretical account has impacted on art therapy in assorted ways. with its influence on the assessment stage of therapy being the most controversial. It is normally thought that art therapy is strictly about construing the content of the client’s artistic look. In modern psychological science. standardized diagnostic appraisal is emphasized particularly under the influence of projective pulling appraisals. with formalistic processs and standardised methods of reading. which developed in the twentieth century. The first drawing appraisal for psychological intents was created in 1906 by German head-shrinker Fritz Mohr ( Liebmann. 2004 ; Malchiodi. 2010 ; Vick. 2003 ) and since so the innovation of projective trials proliferate the field. Projective trials were claimed to observe injury. anxiousness. depression and psychiatric perturbation ; yet operational definitions were frequently equivocal. ( Choping. 1999 ) Notwithstanding. with the influence of the anti- psychopathology motion on the art therapy profession in the late sixtiess and early 1970s many art healers began to shun diagnostic testing and inquiry the cogency of healers doing interpretive premises. Art therapists seem be more comfy with an intuitive attack than other mental wellness professionals ; while they tend to be more â€Å"anti- authoritarian† and â€Å"anti- theoretical† ( Vick. 2003. p. 18 ) . they are more likely to improvize on the protocol of standardised appraisals to accommodate a peculiar intent. ( Dudley. 2004 ; Rubin. 1999 ) Acknowledging that mental patients are defenceless against the procedure of clinicians utilizing them for diagnosing. some art healers were concerned with the possibility of â€Å"image abuse† . It was argued that art diagnosing was built upon â€Å"narrow and typically idiosyncratic psychological theories† ( McNiff. p. 315 ) and such a additive attack frequently amounted to a signifier of image maltreatment where kids client and clients in mental infirmary frequently do non acquire the opportunity to talk for themselves but are alternatively judged upon others’ reading of their art merchandise. Recently. some healers raised concern over the usage of psychiatric linguistic communication in appraisals as it set the scene for prepossessions originating from diagnostic labeling. It was believed that the labeling consequence would barricade the addressing of single. personal or socio-political context. which prevented an unfastened curative interaction. ( Dudley. 2004 ) Similarly. many art healers advocate non construing art but holding the forbearance to let the significance of the stuff to emerge. It was believed that art diagnosing obscures the deeper significances of art looks and blocks their healing powers. ( Mcniff. 2004 ; Riley. 2004 ) They are concerned with continuing the â€Å"soul and imagery† expressed in peoples’ art. instead than hold them interpreted and oriented to ends and results. Some have regarded the different attacks towards appraisal as correspondent to that between the US and the UK. ( Gilroy and Skaife. 1997. ( Jones 2004 ) Possibly rooted in the US health care system. it was observed that the US adopts a more problem- resolution approach— where art is used to arouse stuff for diagnosing. forecast and intervention. However in the UK there is a strong influence from psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory. art is seen as inherently mending through a shamanic and religious manner. Through its official web site. the BAAT had made a statement that clearly states its stance towards the diagnostic usage of imagination: â€Å" The art healer is non chiefly concerned with doing †¦ diagnostic assessment†¦ The overall purpose of its practicians is to enable a client to consequence alteration ad growing on a personal degree through usage of art materials†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite the difference in attitude towards appraisal. the BAAT adopted a instead inclusive attack to specifying art therapy: â€Å"Art Therapy is a signifier of psychotherapeutics that uses art media as its primary manner of communicating. † In world. tenseness and struggles are ineluctable for a turning profession. yet most art healers build on common land and portion the same passion and belief. To reason. the chief difference between art therapy and other signifiers of psychotherapeutics is that it is a â€Å"three- manner process† ; apart from the client and the healer there is the presence of the image. Making the subconscious touchable. lasting. discernible is a alone intervention end to art therapy ; with such art therapy is flexible plenty to suit different theoretical orientations and attacks to assessment. With the alone quality offered by art. art therapy is about universally applicable. Mention American Art Therapy Association ( 2010 ) . AATA- about us. Retrieved March 24. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. americanarttherapyassociation. org/aata-aboutus. hypertext markup language American Art Therapy Association ( 2010 ) . History A ; Background. Retrieved March 24. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. americanarttherapyassociation. org/aata-history-background. hypertext markup language Arrington. D. ( 2001 ) . Home is Where the Art Is: An Art Therapy Approach to Family Therapy. Capital of illinois: Charles Thomas. Blatner. A. ( 1991 ) . Theoretical rules underlying originative humanistic disciplines therapies. Humanistic disciplines in Psychotherapy. 18 ( 5 ) . 405-409 British Association of Art Therapists ( 2010 ) . What is art therapy. Retrieved March 22. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. baat. org/art_therapy. hypertext markup language Campanelli. M. A ; Kaplan. F. F. ( 1996 ) . Art therapy in OZ: Report from Australia. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 23 ( 1 ) . 61-67. Degena. M. A ; Lansen. J. ( 2006 ) . Alexithymia—A challenge to art therapy: The narrative of Rita. . The Arts in Psychotherapy. 33 ( 3 ) . 167-169. Dudley. J. ( 2004 ) . Art psychotherapeutics and the usage of psychiatric diagnosing: Appraisal for art psychotherapeutics. International Journal of Art Therapy. 9 ( 1 ) . 14-15. Elkins. D. E. . A ; Stovall. K. ( 2000 ) . American Art Therapy Association. Inc. : 1998-1999 rank study study. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association. 17 ( 1 ) . 41-46. Gilroy. A. A ; Hanna. M. ( 1998 ) . Conflict and civilization in art therapy: AnAustralian position. In Calisch Tapestry of cultural issues in art therapy ( pp. 249-275 ) . London: Jessica Kingsley. Choping. S. ( 1999 ) . The abnormal psychology of mundane art: a quantitative survey. Retrieved April 10. 2010 from University of Keele. Department of Psychiatry Web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. musictherapyworld. de/modules/archive/stuff/papers/Hacking. pdf International Art Therapy Organization ( iato ) ( 2010 ) . Index. Retrieved March 22. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. internationalarttherapy. org/index. hypertext markup language Jones. P. ( 2005 ) . The humanistic disciplines therapies: a revolution in health care. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Liebmann. M. ( 2004 ) . Art therapy for groups: a enchiridion of subjects and exercisings. Hove. East Sussex: Brunner-Routledge. Malchiodi. C. A. ( 2007 ) . The art therapy sourcebook ( 2nd ed. ) . New York: McGraw-Hill. McNiff. S. ( 2004 ) . Art heals: how creativeness cures the psyche. Boston: Shambhala. Riley. S. ( 2001 ) . Group procedure made seeable: group art therapy. Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge. Rubin. J. ( 2004 ) . Approaches to Art Therapy Theory and Techniques. New York: Brunner- Routledge. Rubin. J. A. ( 2010 ) . Introduction to art therapy: beginnings A ; resources. New York: Routledge. Stoll. B. ( 2005 ) . Turning strivings: the international development of art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 3 ( 2 ) . Sullivan. G. A ; Strongman. K. T. ( 2006 ) . Hovering and assorted emotions: A conceptual- dianoetic position on modern-day emotion and cognitive assessment theories through illustrations of pride. Journal of the Theory of Social Behaviors. Vol 33: 203-26 Vick. R. M. ( 2003 ) . ‘Brief history of art therapy’ In C. Malchiodi Handbook of art therapy ( pp. 5-15 ) . New York: Guildford Press. Waller. D. ( 1991 ) . Some positions of art therapy ; Becoming a profession. London: Routledge. Wood. M. A ; Pratt. M. ( 1998 ) . Art therapy in alleviative attention: the originative response. London: Routledge. Yalom. I. D. ( 1985 ) . The theory and pattern of group psychotherapeutics Basic Books.

Identify and briefly explain three reasons free essay sample

Due to rational thinking and the culture of todays’ society become less traditional, it could be that there is less time in people’s lives to believe in a Religion. As going to Church and worshiping takes time out of someone’s daily routine where they may feel they are needed more. The growth of state and democracy (disengagement) means that the state and the church are not as influenced by one another as they used to be, this means that there is not a great amount of pressure on people to attend church by the state. Religion on its own is not enough of a force for people to attend church meaning it is less influential. It could also be that due to the forward thinking of today’s society and like Grace Davie says, that people today are far more inclined to take a personalised view on religion, and that churches such as the Church of England are not in decline but are more privatised in the household home. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify and briefly explain three reasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 02) Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the view that, while the Church of England is declining, other religions and spiritual movements are flourishing. I aim to show that even though statistics say that attendance is declining in religious worship, that actually it may not be that religion is declining but the way worship is happening now has changed and there is in fact many more forms of religion. In item A it states that from a report by the Bible society that by 2025 only 87,800 people will be attending church, compared to the one million plus that attend church now. Weber and Comte also said that eventually religion would wither away due to the world changing and accepting science and science beliefs such as New Age and Scientology over religious explanations of the world, and the less emotions and traditions which are according to Weber the main characteristics of religion. As well as rationalism like Comte also conveys in a different way. Steve Bruce also says that religion is in decline as he took Comte’s ideas and made his own modernity thesis which said that Modernity was the main route for religion declining and that it was indeed declining. However  it was only declining because of certain key processes which are rationalisation the idea that rational thinking in the shape of science has replaced religious influence, disengagement the idea that the church and wider society are separate and not involved with each other, fragmentation of social life the idea that religious institutions have been pushed out of many institutions such as education and politics, loss of community the idea that community is being replaced by society and religious pluralism the idea that industrialisation has fragmented society into a marketplace of religions. Steve Bruce says that because of his thesis it is that religion is in decline, especially those of the traditional kind such as the Church of England this is because for religious decline to be happening due to the key processes happening all at ponce acting on each other. Bruce also says religion isn’t undermining education welfare and social control and as a result society is not learning about religion as they were pre modernity and so religion is declining as it is not being taught as it was before. It can also be argued that the religions such as the Church of England are not declining and spiritual movements are not flourishing just coming to light. This may be because the stats used to prove the decline in the Church of England by the bible society and others haven’t been collected by systematic collection. It may be that those who collect the data are only counting the heads that enter the church they don’t take into account those who aren’t able to make it to church. Such as those who worship by themselves in their time but also those who can’t make it to church, such as the elderly and instead worship privately and watch songs of praise. Stark and Bainbridge also supports this in their work but also disagree with Bruce when he says that during medieval period there were more religious people as they say that yes more people attended church in those tomes but they weren’t religious, they only attended as they had to because the squire made them, as they wanted to keep their pay and jobs. They were actually very disrespectful in the church service by belching and farting in the pews, now you don’t get those who don’t want to be in church in church and so religions such as the Church of England haven’t declined it is only those who are truly religious that now go to church. Grace Davie is another sociologist who believes that religions such as the Church of England are not in decline as she believes that society now doesn’t always leave enough  time for people to attend a place of worship but they do so privately. Private worship means that people may believe that as they don’t go to church or the place of worship they aren’t religious and assume religion is in decline however this is not true they are just choosing to worship in private. Due to the belief of crisis of meaning and uncertainty brought on by the postmodern or high modernity era that it is said we live in, it is true that spiritual movements are flourishing and coming to light. This is mainly because when people are searching for meaning and certainty they look towards the future for this and new spiritual movements can normally give this certainty but can also give a person an insight into themselves and help them discover themselves as an individual and what their meaning in the world is. In conclusion I believe that religious movements are not in decline as the supporting evidence is more and uses more historical and correct data than those who say religion is declining. It is also true that Bruce did not make his thesis based on data but based on what he thought, meaning that those for not in decline were more supported and there theories backed up by solid evidence and data.

Grendels Attack essays

Grendels Attack essays The next morning I was the first warrior that was outside. I went outside to look at the Grendel. It was a beautiful sight to see that monster on his back with my sword in his heart. Thats right it wasnt Beowulfs sword, but mine. Let me start at the beginning. During the attack I was in the middle of all the action. When Grendel first attacked the king was in a panic. The only thing he said was, attack that beast. Kill him. Dont stop fighting until he is as good as dead. So all the warriors including me came rushed out to fight and take down that hideous monster. The fist person I saw when I ran out was Beowulf. He was one of the bravest if not the bravest one fighting. But he couldnt have taken Grendel alone. He couldnt have done it with his fellow warriors. While we all had to do the dirty work only one got the glory, Beowulf. If it werent for me and the other warriors, that help Beowulf, he probably would have died very quickly. In the attack Beowulf had been knocked down and ha d lost his weapon. I happened to be right there to assist him. I helped him up quickly and gave him my weapon, while I went to go and retrieved his. Right then, Beowulf charged at Grendel and stabs him in the heart. The hideous monster fell and blood had started dripping out of his mouth. Beowulf had killed the monster with my sword. Some may think that Beowulf had lead his warriors and killed Grendel. This is yet only half the story. You see if I hadnt been there to assist Beowulf and give him my sword who knows what would have happened. I might have been the one who had brought down the monster! ...

Criminal Justice and the rule of law Research Paper

Criminal Justice and the rule of law - Research Paper Example Substantive law controls the behavior of the governed and procedural fairness controls the behavior of the government and each of its organs and agents. In this regard, average citizens and the government have a responsibility to contribute to safety and security by complying with the rule of law which is the cornerstone of the criminal justice system. This research paper analyses individual and state responsibility within the rule of law underlying criminal justice by discussing substantive law and procedural fairness. In discussing individual responsibility, St. Leo University’s core value of responsible stewardship will be discussed to exemplify how an individual can avoid criminal behavior by acting responsibly and at the same time meet the ends of criminal justice contemplated by the rule of law: social control for community safety and security. Substantive Law and Individual Responsibility The substantive law within the criminal justice system, defines criminal conduct a nd prescribes punishment for committing criminal offenses (Siegel, 2009). For example, it is a crime of murder to intentionally kill another human being and the punishment for the crime of murder can be life imprisonment or state execution, depending on the jurisdiction in which the offence is committed. However, not all criminal offences are that well known. For example, an individual may know that criminal trespass is a crime, but may not know what constitutes criminal trespass. The individual may think it is perfectly lawful to enter a seemingly abandoned home and remove items of interest. In other words, ordinary citizens, who may not be familiar with all prohibited or criminal conduct and might without knowledge of the law, commit an offense. This is unfortunate, because it is a well-established principle of criminal law that ignorance of the law or mistake of the law is not a defence to criminal behavior (Loewy, 2009). A valid defense however, will be founded on the basis of i ntention. If an individual lacks criminal intent to commit a crime, the individual can be exonerated (Loewy, 2009). Criminal laws are constructed from public morals and public opinions (Siegel, 2009). Individuals can therefore simply choose to conduct themselves in accordance with public morals and public opinions of what is acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Even so, Marxist criminologists argue however, criminal justice and the rule of law is designed to protect the middle classes and the wealthy. While the wealthy amasses wealth, it is said that the â€Å"poor gets prison† (Vito & Maahs, 2012, p. 217). For example, conduct on the part of the wealthy for the purpose of amassing wealth is usually treated as a regulatory mishap or a minor offence, despite the harm this conduct brings to others. As Vito & Maahs (2012) explains, environmental damages caused by wealth industrial giants in the pursuit of greed has caused significant damages to others, their properties and has even caused the death of a many more. Similarly, fraud, embezzlement and other white collar crimes committed by the wealth or the middle classes hardly gets the king of punishment that poor criminals obtain for what is known as â€Å"street crimes† (Vito & Maahs, 2012, p. 217). In fact, many of the white collar crimes are never prosecuted (Vito & Maahs, 2012). Yet, it can still be up to the individual who is